Air conditioner for vehicle

ABSTRACT

An air-conditioner for a vehicle includes a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, a determination unit and a controller. The refrigeration cycle includes a compressor, an inside condenser, an outside heat exchanger, and an inside evaporator. The refrigeration cycle is capable of operating an outside-air heat-absorption heating operation in which refrigerant absorbs heat at the outside heat exchanger and radiates heat at the inside condenser, and an inside-air heat-absorption heating operation in which refrigerant absorbs heat at the inside evaporator and radiates heat at the inside condenser. The determination unit determines whether or not the outside heat exchanger freezes. The controller changes over the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation to the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation when the determination unit determines that the outside heat exchanger freezes. According to the air-conditioner, a heating operation can be maintained without increasing drive power for the compressor even when the outside heat exchanger freezes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an air-conditioner for a vehicle, which includes a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle to absorb heat from air outside a passenger compartment and achieves heating of an inside of the passenger compartment.

BACKGROUND ART

For example, in an electrical vehicle, heat from a drive source can be hardly utilized for heating of an inside of a passenger compartment. Therefore, various types of air-conditioners for a vehicle are proposed, in which a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is utilized to absorb heat from air outside a passenger compartment by refrigerant recirculating in the cycle and the heat is used for heating of an inside of a passenger compartment (see Patent Documents 1 and 2 listed below).

However, there maybe a case where an outside heat exchanger is frozen (coated with ice) for exchanging heat with air outside a passenger compartment. Since heat exchange performance reduces in the case where the outside heat exchanger is frozen, a desired heating operation cannot be maintained. Therefore, in an air-conditioner for a vehicle disclosed in the Patent Document 1, its vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is provided with a hot-gas bypass path for bypassing an inside condenser so as to flow high-pressure and high-temperature refrigerant compressed by a compressor to an inside condenser and also to an outside heat exchanger via the hot-gas bypass path. Since the high-temperature refrigerant flows through the outside heat exchanger, the outside heat exchanger can be prevented from freezing. In addition, air to be supplied into the passenger compartment is heated by the inside condenser. In this manner, when the outside hat exchanger freezes, its freezing can be solved and also a heating operation of the passenger compartment can be maintained.

In addition, an air-conditioner for a vehicle disclosed in the Patent Documents 2 can perform a heating operation and a dehumidifying operation, and a blown-out temperature of conditioned air is adjusted in a humidifying operation by a rotational speed control of a compressor. But, a technical solution for maintaining a heating operation under freezing of an outside heat exchanger is not disclosed.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENT Patent Documents

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent application Laid-Open No. 2000-203249 (Granted Patent No. 4341093)

Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent application Laid-Open No. H10-287125 (Granted Patent No. 3799732)

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

In the above-mentioned conventional air-conditioner, larger drive power for increasing a rotational speed of the compressor is needed under an operation for solving the freezing of the outside heat exchanger than that under a normal heating operation In order to flow the refrigerant to the inside condenser and the outside heat exchanger. But, in a case of an electrical vehicle in which power for a compressor depends on a vehicle battery, i t is not suitable for practical used because its travel range becomes shorten.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an air-conditioner for a vehicle that can maintain a heating operation without increasing drive power for its compressor even when its outside heat exchanger is frozen (coated with ice).

An aspect of the present invention provides an air-conditioner for a vehicle that includes a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle explained below, a determination unit, and a controller. The refrigeration cycle includes a compressor for compressing refrigerant, an inside condenser for exchanging heat between refrigerant compressed by the compressor and air to be supplied to a passenger compartment to heat the air, an outside heat exchanger for exchanging heat between refrigerant and air outside a passenger compartment, and an inside evaporator for exchanging heat between refrigerant and air to be supplied to a passenger compartment. In addition, the refrigeration cycle is capable of operating an outside-air heat-absorption heating operation in which refrigerant absorbs heat at the outside heat exchanger and refrigerant radiates heat at the inside condenser, and an inside-air heat-absorption heating operation in which refrigerant absorbs heat at the inside evaporator and refrigerant radiates heat at the inside condenser. The determination unit determines whether or not the outside heat exchanger is frozen. The controller changes over the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation to the heat-absorption heating operation when the determination unit determines that the outside heat exchanger is frozen.

According to the aspect, when the outside heat exchanger freezes in the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation in which the outside heat exchanger functions as an evaporator, it is changed over to the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation in which refrigerant absorbs heat at the inside evaporator to maintain the heating operation. Only a heat exchanger for performing heat absorption is different between the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation and the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation, so that it is not needed to increase drive power for the compressor in order to maintain the heating operation. Therefore, the heating operation can be maintained without increasing drive power for the compressor when the outside heat exchanger is frozen (coated with ice)

Here, it is preferable that the refrigeration cycle further includes a pressure regulator for regulating pressure of refrigerant to be supplied to the outside heat exchanger, a first bypass path bypassing the outside heat exchanger, a first flowpath changeover unit for changing over a refrigerant flow to the outside heat exchanger or to the first bypass path, a pressure reducer for reducing pressure of refrigerant to be supplied to the inside evaporator, a second bypass path bypassing the inside evaporator, and a second flowpath changeover unit for changing over a refrigerant flow to the inside evaporator or to the second bypass path, in the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation, set is a refrigerant path in which refrigerant compressed by the compressor flows sequentially through the inside condenser, the pressure regulator, the outside heat exchanger and the second bypass path, and then returns to the compressor, wherein the pressure regulator decompresses refrigerant, and, in the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation, set is a refrigerant path in which refrigerant compressed by the compressor flows sequentially through the inside condenser, the first bypass path, the pressure reducer and the inside evaporator, and then returns to the compressor, wherein the pressure reducer decompresses refrigerant.

Here, it is preferable that the refrigeration cycle is capable of further operating a re-heat cooling operation in which refrigerant absorbs heat at the inside evaporator and refrigerant radiates heat at both of the inside condenser and the outside heat exchanger, and, in the re-heat cooling operation, set is a refrigerant path in which refrigerant compressed by the compressor flows sequentially through the inside condenser, the pressure regulator, the outside heat exchanger, the pressure reducer and the inside evaporator, and then returns to the compressor, wherein the pressure regulator doesn't decompress refrigerant.

In addition, it is preferable that the air-conditioner further includes an outside-heat-exchanger passing-through air temperature detector for detecting temperature of air after passing through the outside heat exchanger, and a refrigerant temperature detector for detecting temperature of refrigerant at an outlet of the outside heat exchanger, wherein the determination unit determines whether or not the outside heat exchanger is frozen based on deference between the temperature air detected by the outside-heat-exchanger passing-through temperature detector and the temperature of refrigerant detected by the refrigerant temperature detector.

In addition, it is preferable that, in the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation, air inside a passenger-compartment is supplied to the inside evaporator, and then supplied to the inside condenser.

In addition, it is preferable that the air-conditioner further includes a heater for heating air to be supplied to a passenger compartment, a foot-outlet temperature detector for detecting temperature of air blowing out from a foot outlet port, and a defroster/vent-outlet temperature detector for detecting temperature of air blowing out from a defroster outlet port and a vent outlet port, wherein the controller controls a heating amount of the heater based on the temperatures of air detected by the foot-outlet temperature detector and the defroster/vent-outlet temperature detector.

In addition, it is preferable that the air-conditioner further includes an inlet-air temperature and humidity detector for detecting temperature and humidity of air to be supplied to the inside evaporator, and an outside-air temperature detector for detecting temperature of outside air, wherein the controller calculates dew-point temperature in a passenger compartment based on detection results of the inlet-air temperature and humidity detector and the outside-air temperature detector, and controls a humidifying amount of the inside evaporator based on calculated dew-point temperature.

In addition, it is preferable that the outside heat exchanger includes a plurality of tubes, a pair of tanks disposed on both ends of the plurality of tubes, a reservoir tank for accumulating refrigerant, and a plurality of partitions, each of the tanks being provided with at least one of the plurality of partitions, and a partition positioned most downstream along a refrigerant flow path within the outside heat exchanger among the plurality of partitions is configured to be capable of guiding introduction of refrigerant into the reservoir tank and to flow refrigerant with low flow resistance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[FIG. 1] It is a configuration diagram of an air conditioner for a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[FIG. 2] It is an explanatory diagram showing a refrigerant path in an outside-air heat-absorption heating operation of the air-conditioner.

[FIG. 3] it is an explanatory diagram showing a refrigerant path in an inside-air heat-absorption heating operation of the air-conditioner.

[FIG. 4] It is an explanatory diagram showing a refrigerant path in a re-heat cooling operation of the air-conditioner.

[FIG. 5] It is a configuration diagram of an outside heat exchanger in the air-conditioner.

[FIG. 6] It is a flow chart showing operations of the air-conditioner.

[FIG. 7] It is a configuration diagram of a modified example of the outside heat exchanger.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, an embodiment of an air-conditioner for a vehicle will be explained with reference to the drawings

As shown in FIG. 1, an air-conditioner 1 includes a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle 2. The refrigeration cycle 2 includes a compressor 3 for compressing refrigerant, an inside condenser 4, an electromagnetic valve (pressure regulator) 5, an outside heat exchanger 6, a thermostatic expansion valve (pressure reducer) 7 for decompressing the refrigerant, an inside evaporator 8, and an accumulator 9. On the refrigeration cycle 2, the electromagnetic valve 5 is disposed downstream of the inside condenser 4. The outside heat exchanger 6 is disposed downstream of the electromagnetic valve 5. The thermostatic expansion valve 7 is disposed downstream of the outside heat exchanger 6. The inside evaporator 8 is disposed downstream of the thermostatic expansion valve 7. The accumulator 9 is disposed downstream of the inside evaporator 8. These components are connected by refrigerant pipes 10.

The compressor 3 is, for example, a vane type model, and its drive or stop and rotational speed are controlled by commands from a controller 30.

The inside condenser 4 is disposed in an air-conditioner case 21 and downstream of the inside evaporator 8 along a conditioned-air flow. At the inside condenser 4, heat is exchanged between high-pressure and high-temperature refrigerant compressed by the compressor 3 and air passing through the air-conditioner case 21 (air to be supplied to the passenger compartment). The inside condenser 4 heats the air by a heat radiation action of the refrigerant.

The electromagnetic valve 5 possesses a throttle mechanism, and can flow the refrigerant to the outside heat exchanger 6 without decompressing it or flow the refrigerant to she outside heat exchanger 6 while decompressing it. The electromagnetic valve 5 is controlled by the controller 30.

The outside heat exchanger 6 is, for example, disposed in an engine compartment. At the outside heat exchanger 6, heat is exchanged between the refrigerant after passing through the inside condenser 4 and air outside the passenger compartment. The outside heat exchanger 6 functions as a condenser in a re-heat cooling operation to radiate heat from the refrigerant to the air, and functions as an evaporator in an outside-air heat-absorption heating operation to absorb heat from the air to the refrigerant. An internal configuration of the outside heat exchanger 6 will be explained later in detail.

The thermostatic expansion valve 7 includes a feeler bulb (not shown) attached to an outlet side of the inside evaporator 8. Valve opening of the thermostatic expansion valve 7 is automatically adjusted so that superheating degree of refrigerant on the outlet side of the inside evaporator 8 is kept at a given value.

The inside evaporator 8 is disposed in the air-conditioner case 21 and upstream of the inside condenser 4 along the conditioned-air flow. At the inside evaporator 8, heat is exchanged between the refrigerant decompressed by the thermostatic expansion valve 7 and the air passing through the air-conditioner case 21 (the air to be supplied to the passenger compartment). The inside evaporator 8 cools and dehumidifies the air by a heat absorption action of the refrigerant.

The accumulator 9 temporarily accumulates some of the refrigerant sent from the inside evaporator 8 as residual refrigerant, and sends only refrigerant gas to the compressor 3.

An outside-air intake port 22 for introducing air outside the passenger compartment and an inside-air intake port 23 for introducing air inside the passenger compartment are formed on the air-conditioner case 21. The outside-air intake port 22 and the inside-air intake port 23 are opened and closed by an intake door 24. The intake door 24 is controlled by the controller 30. A blower 25 is provided in the air-conditioner case 21. The blower 25 intakes outside air or inside air into the air-conditioner case 21 according to a position of the intake door 24. An air mix door 27 disposed upstream of the inside condenser 4 and a heater 26 disposed downstream of the inside condenser 4 are provided in the air-conditioner case 21. The air mix door 27 adjusts mixture ratio of blown air passing through the inside condenser 4 and the heater 26 and blown air bypassing them. The heater 26 is another heat source independent from the refrigeration cycle 2, for example, a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater. An amount of heat generation by the heater 26 is controlled by the controller 30.

A foot outlet port 28 a, a defroster outlet port 28 b and a vent outlet port 28 c are provided downstream of the heater 26 in the air-conditioner case 21. The conditioned air is supplied into the passenger compartment through these outlet ports. Note that the heater 26 is arranged so that air after passing through the heater 26 is introduced more to the defroster outlet port 28 b and the vent outlet port 28 c than to the foot outlet port 28 a.

In addition, the refrigeration cycle 2 includes a first bypass path 11, a first flowpath changeover valve (first flowpath changeover unit) 12, and a check valve 14. The refrigerant from the inside condenser 4 can bypass the outside heat exchanger 6 through the first bypass path 11. The first flowpath changeover valve 12 is provided at a connected position of an upstream end of the first bypass path 11 with the refrigerant pipe 10, and changes over the refrigerant flow to the outside heat exchanger 6 or to the first bypass path 11. The check valve 14 is arranged downstream of the outside heat exchanger 6 and upstream of a connected position of a downstream end of the first bypass path 11 with the refrigerant pipe 10, and prevents the refrigerant from flowing backward to the outside heat exchanger 6 in an inside-air heat-absorption heating operation.

Further, the refrigeration cycle 2 includes a second bypass path 15, and a second flowpath changeover valve (first flowpath changeover unit) 16. The refrigerant can bypass the inside evaporator 8 through the second bypass path 15. The second flowpath changeover valve 16 is provided at a connected position of an upstream end of the second bypass path with the refrigerant pipe 10, and changes over the refrigerant flow to the inside evaporator 8 or to the second bypass path 15.

The first bypass path 11 and the second bypass path 15 changes the refrigerant path by being controlled by the controller 30. Specifically, in the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation, as shown in FIG. 2, the refrigerant path is changed over so that the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 3 flows sequentially through the inside condenser 4, the electromagnetic valve 5, the outside heat exchanger 6 and the second bypass path 15, and then returns to the compressor 3. The electromagnetic valve 5 decompresses the refrigerant, and the outside heat exchanger 6 functions as an evaporator.

In addition, in the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation, as shown in FIG. 3, the refrigerant path is changed over so that the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 3 flows sequentially through the inside condenser 4, the first bypass path 11, the thermostatic expansion valve 7 and the inside evaporator 8, and then returns to the compressor 3. The thermostatic expansion valve 7 decompresses the refrigerant, and the inside evaporator 8 functions as an evaporator.

In addition, in the re-heat cooling operation, as shown in FIG. 4, the refrigerant path is changed over so that the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 3 flows sequentially through the inside condenser 4, the electromagnetic valve 5, the outside heat exchanger 6, the thermostatic expansion valve 7 and the inside evaporator 8, and then returns to the compressor 3. The electromagnetic valve allows the refrigerant to flow therethrough without decompressing it, and the outside heat exchanger 6 functions as a condenser.

In addition, the air-conditioner 1 includes an outside-heat-exchanger passing-through air temperature sensor (outside-heat-exchanger passing-through air temperature detector) S1, a refrigerant temperature sensor (refrigerant temperature detector) S2, an evaporator-outlet-port air temperature sensor (evaporator-outlet-port air temperature detector) S3, a foot-outlet temperature sensor (foot-outlet temperature detector) S4, defroster/vent-outlet temperature sensor (defroster/vent-outlet temperature detector) S5, an inlet-air temperature and humidity sensor (inlet-air temperature and humidity detector) S6, an outside-air temperature sensor (outside-air temperature detector) S7, and an passenger-compartment temperature sensor (passenger-compartment temperature detector) S8. The outside-heat-exchanger passing-through air temperature sensor S1 detects temperature of air after passing through the outside heat exchanger 6. The refrigerant temperature sensor S2 detects temperature of refrigerant at an outlet of the outside heat exchanger 6. The evaporator-outlet-port air temperature sensor S3 detects temperature of air after passing through the inside evaporator 8. The foot-outlet temperature sensor S4 detects temperature of air blowing out from the foot outlet port 28 a. The defroster/vent-outlet temperature sensor S5 detects temperature of air blowing out from the defroster outlet port 28 b and the vent outlet port 28 c. The inlet-air temperature and humidity sensor S6 detects temperature and humidity of air introduced into the air-conditioner case 21 (air to be supplied to the inside evaporator 8 and the inside condenser 4). The outside-air temperature sensor S7 detects temperature of outside air. The inside-air temperature sensor S8 detects temperature in the passenger compartment.

The controller 30 controls the compressor 3, the first flowpath changeover valve 12, the second flowpath changeover valve 16, the heater 26, the air mix door 27 mad so on based on data detected by the various sensors S1 to S8, data input from an operation panel 31 and so on. In addition, the controller 30 functions as a determination unit for determining whether or not the outside heat exchanger 6 is frozen. The controller 30 determines that the outside heat exchanger 6 is frozen (coated by when difference between the temperature of air after passing through the outside heat exchanger 6 (detected by the outside-heat-exchanger passing-through air temperature sensor S1) and the temperature of refrigerant at an outlet of the outside heat exchanger 6 (detected by the refrigerant temperature sensor S2) becomes equal-to or more-than a predetermined temperature difference (e.g. 10° C).

The operation panel 31 includes a heating switch SW1, a dry-heating SW2, a cooling switch SW3, a temperature control knob 32, and so on. Target temperature in the passenger compartment is set by the temperature control knob 32. The controller 30 executes a control shown in a flowchart of FIG. 6 based on a turning-on operation of the heating switch SW1, the dry-heating SW2 or the cooling switch SW3. Contents of the control will be explained later in detail. In addition, the controller 30 controls the heating operation, the dry-heating operation or the cooling operation so that the temperature detected by the passenger-compartment temperature sensor S8 becomes the target temperature.

Next, configuration of the outside heat exchanger will be explained. The outside heat exchanger 6 includes plural tubes 40 extending horizontally and aligned vertically with spacing therebetween, a heat radiation fins 41 each disposed between neighboring tubes 40, and a pair of tanks 42 and 43 disposed on both ends of the plural tubes 40. On the tank 42, a refrigerant inlet port 44 is provided at its upper end, and a refrigerant outlet port 45 is provided at its lower end. On the tank 43, a reservoir tank 46 is provided. An inside of the tank 43 and an inside of the reservoir tank 46 are communicated with each other by a communication pipe 47 provided on a side of their bottoms.

In the insides of the tanks 42 and 43, partitions 48 and 49 are provided, respectively. The partition 48 in the tank 42 is provided at the same height level as that of the communication pipe 47, and completely divides the inside of the tank 42. On the other hand, the partition 49 in the tank 43 is disposed downstream, with respect to the two partitions 48 and 49, along the refrigerant flow path within the outside heat exchanger 6. In addition, the partition 49 is provided at the same height level as that of the communication pipe 47. The partition 49 mostly divides the inside of the tank 43, but doesn't divide an inside of the communication pipe 47. Therefore, the partition 49 guides introduction of refrigerant liquid into the reservoir tank 46 when the outside heat exchanger 6 functions as a condenser, and flows vaporized refrigerant from top to bottom in the tank 43 via the communication pipe 47 with low flow resistance when the outside heat exchanger 6 functions as an evaporator.

Next, operations of the air-conditioner 1 for a vehicle will be explained. As shown in FIG. 6, the controller 30 continuously checks whether or not any of the heating switch SW1, the dry-heating switch SW2 and the cooling switch SW3 is turned on (steps ST1 to ST3).

When the cooling switch SW3 is turned on (YES in step ST1), the controller 30 performs the re-heat cooling operation (step ST4). In the re-heat cooling operation, as shown in FIG. 4, the first flowpath changeover valve 12 is changed over so as to flow refrigerant to the outside heat exchanger 6, and the second flowpath changeover valve 16 is changed over so as to flow refrigerant to the inside evaporator 8. The electromagnetic valve 5 is full-opened and thereby the refrigerant passes through it without being decompressed. The intake door 24 is set to an inside-air intake side or an inside-air intake side (to the inside-air intake side in FIG. 4).

In the re-heat cooling operation, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 3 recirculates along a refrigerant path passing sequentially through the inside condenser 4, the first flowpath changeover valve 12, the electromagnetic valve 5, the outside heat exchanger 6, the second flowpath changeover valve 16, the thermostatic expansion valve 7, the inside evaporator 8, and the accumulator 9. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor 3 radiates heat to air at the inside condenser 4 and the outside heat exchanger 6. The refrigerant that is made low-temperature by the heat radiation and then made low-pressure by the thermostatic expansion valve 7 absorbs heat from air at the inside evaporator 8. Therefore, air blown through the air-conditioner case 21 is cooled by the inside evaporator 8 and then some or all (depending on a position of the air mix door 7) of the air is re-heated by the inside condenser 4. As a result, desired-temperature cooled air is generated.

On the other hand, when the dry-heating switch SW2 is turned on (YES in step ST3), the controller 30 performs the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation (step ST5). In the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation, as shown in FIG. 3, the first flowpath changeover valve 12 is changed over so as to flow refrigerant to the first bypass path 11, and the second flowpath changeover valve 16 is changed over so as to flow refrigerant to the inside evaporator 8. The intake door 24 is set to the inside-air intake side. The air mix door 27 is set to its full-opened position, for example.

In the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 3 recirculates along a refrigerant path passing sequentially through the inside condenser 4, the first bypass path 11, the second flowpath changeover valve 16, the thermostatic expansion valve 7, the inside evaporator 8, and the accumulator 9. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor 3 radiates heat to air at the inside condenser 4. The refrigerant that is made low-temperature by the heat radiation and then made low-pressure by the thermostatic expansion valve 7 absorbs heat from air at the inside evaporator 8. Therefore, air blown through the air-conditioner case 21 is cooled by the inside evaporator 8 and then all of the air is re-heated by the inside condenser 4. As a result, desired-temperature heated air is generated.

Air is cooled to almost 0 degree and thereby dehumidification is done at the inside evaporator 8, and the dehumidified dry air is supplied to the passenger compartment and thereby fogging of windows is removed.

Note that, in a case where a heating capacity of the inside condenser 4 is small, the heater 26 is operated to generate desired-temperature heated air.

In the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation, rotational speed of the compressor 3 is controlled based on temperature detected by the evaporator-outlet-port air temperature detector S3 so that the inside evaporator 8 becomes non-freezing temperature (e.g. 0° C. to 3° C.), and thereby humidification performance is ensured. In the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation, since characteristics of the refrigeration cycle is determined by the inside evaporator 8 and the inside condenser 4, a heating amount by the inside condenser 4 is automatically determined when the rotational speed of the compressor 3 is determined based on the humidification performance. Therefore, temperature of conditioned air can be controlled by operating the heater 26 when wanting to increase the heating amount and changing a position of the air mix door 27 when wanting to decrease the heating amount.

In addition, when the heating switch SW1 is turned on (YES in step ST2), the controller 30 performs the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation (step ST6). In the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation, as shown in FIG. 2, the first flowpath changeover valve 12 is changed over so as to flow refrigerant to the outside heat exchanger 6, and the second flowpath changeover valve 16 is changed over so as to flow refrigerant to the second bypass path 15. A valve position of the electromagnetic valve 5 is adjusted so as to decompress refrigerant. The intake door 24 is set to the outside-air intake side. The air mix door 27 is set to its full-opened position, for example.

The refrigerant compressed by the compressor 3 recirculates along a refrigerant path passing sequentially through the inside condenser 4, the outside heat exchanger 6, the second flowpath changeover valve 16, the second bypass path 15, and the accumulator 9. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor radiates heat to air at the inside condenser 4. The refrigerant that is made low-temperature by the heat radiation and then made low-pressure by the electromagnetic valve 5 absorbs heat from air at the outside heat exchanger 6. Therefore, air blown through the air-conditioner case 21 is heated by the inside condenser 4 without being cooled by the inside evaporator 8. As a result, desired-temperature heated air is generated. In the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation, since air is not cooled by the inside evaporator 8, larger-capacity heating performance can be obtained than that in the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation.

In the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation, since air outside the passenger compartment with a little humidity is introduced into the air-conditioner case 21 (outside-air intake), fogging of windows can be removed.

In the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation, it is judged whether or not the outside heat exchanger 6 is frozen (coated with ice) every given time intervals (step ST7).

When it is judged that the outside heat exchanger 6 is frozen (YES in step ST7), the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation is changed over to the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation (step ST8). As a result, the refrigerant absorbs heat not from the outside air passing through the outside heat exchanger 6 but from the air passing through the inside evaporator 8, and the heating operation is maintained.

Also in the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation after the step ST7 is affirmed, it is judged whether or not the outside heat exchanger 6 is frozen (i.e. whether or not the freezing is solved) every given time intervals (step ST7) When it is judged that the freezing of the outside heat exchanger 6 is solved (NO in step ST7), the operation is returned to the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation, i.e. an operation selected by the user (step ST6). Note that, in a case where it is judged that the freezing of the outside heat exchanger 6 is solved (the outside heat exchanger 6 is not frozen) (No in step ST7), various ways are possible for when returning to the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation. For example, it may be possible to return the operation to the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation just after the step ST7 is disaffirmed, or it may be possible to return the operation to the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation when a given time has elapsed after the step ST7 is disaffirmed.

As explained above, the heating operation is continued by changing over the operation to the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation in which refrigerant absorbs heat at the inside evaporator 8 if the outside heat exchanger 6 is frozen during the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation in which the outside heat exchanger 6 is functioned as an evaporator. Since only a heat exchanger for absorbing heat is different between the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation and the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation, it is not needed to increase drive power for the compressor 3 in order to continue the heating operation. Therefore, the heating operation can be maintained without increasing drive power for the compressor 3 even when the outside heat exchanger 6 is frozen (coated with ice).

Since the heating operation can be maintained even when the outside heat exchanger 6 is frozen as explained above, it is not needed to use a special part (for example, one with a structure that is hard to freeze, one with a structure in which dew drops hardly stay still, or the like) as the outside heat exchanger 6, and thereby a general part can be used.

The refrigeration cycle 2 in the present embodiment is constructed by only adding; to a general refrigeration cycle including a compressor 3, an inside condenser 4, an outside heat exchanger 6, a thermostatic expansion valve 7 and an inside evaporator 8; an electromagnetic valve (pressure regulator) 5 for adjusting a pressure of refrigerant to be supplied to the outside heat exchanger 6, a first bypass path 11 bypassing the outside heat exchanger 6, a first flowpath changeover 12 for changing over refrigerant flow to the outside heat exchanger 6 or to the first bypass path 11, a second bypass path 15 bypassing the inside evaporator 8, and a second flowpath changeover 16 for changing over refrigerant flow to the inside evaporator 8 or to the second bypass path 15. Therefore, according to the refrigeration cycle 2 in the present embodiment, two types of heating operations (the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation and the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation) and one type of a cooling operation (the re-heat cooling operation) can be operated by a relatively easily-operable changing-over of refrigerant flowpath with a relatively simple configuration.

The controller (determination unit) 30 judges the freezing based on difference between temperature of air after passing through the outside heat exchanger 6 and temperature of refrigerant at an outlet of the outside heat exchanger 6. Therefore, the freezing of the outside heat exchanger 6 can be easily determined unfailingly by a simple temperature comparison.

In the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation, since air inside the passenger compartment is introduced into the air-conditioner case 21 (to the inside evaporator 8 and the inside condenser 4) and recirculate it inside, heat loss in the passenger compartment hardly occurs and thereby heating with good heat efficiency can be operated.

The heater 26 is provided in addition to the inside condenser 4, and the heater 26 is controlled by the controller based on temperatures detected by the foot-outlet temperature sensor S4 and the defroster/vent-outlet temperature sensor S5. Therefore, even in a case where temperature difference is made for temperatures of airs from the foot outlet port 28 a and the vent outlet port 28 c (a so-called bi-level mode), desired conditioned air can be supplied by adjusting a heating amount by the heater 26.

The controller 30 may calculate dew-point temperature in the passenger compartment by assuming temperature detected by the outside-air temperature sensor S7 as window temperature and by using the inlet-air temperature and humidity sensor S6 and the outside-air temperature sensor S7, and thereby control the inside evaporator 8 based on the calculated dew-point temperature to restrict a humidifying amount so as to prevent fogging of windows.

The outside heat exchanger 6 includes plural tubes 40 and a pair of tanks 42 and 43 disposed on both ends of the plural tubes 40. In the insides of the tanks 42 and 43, partitions 48 and 49 are provided, respectively. The partition 49 disposed downstream, with respect to the two partitions 48 and 49, along the refrigerant flow path within the outside heat exchanger 6 is configured to guide introduction of refrigerant into the reservoir tank 46, and to flow the refrigerant with low flow resistance.

Therefore, when the outside heat exchanger 6 functions as a condenser (the re-heat cooling operation), the refrigerant flowing into the tank 42 from the refrigerant inlet port 44 flows from an upper portion of the tank 42 to the tubes 40 due to the partition 48, and then flows into an upper portion of the tank 43. The liquidized refrigerant flowing into the upper portion of the tank 43 flows into the reservoir tank 46 through the communication pipe 47 by being guided by the partition 49. The liquidized refrigerant over-flowing from the reservoir tank 46 flows into a lower portion of the tank 43 through the communication pipe 47, and then flows into a lower portion of the tank 42 through the tubes 40. The refrigerant flowing into the lower portion of the tank 42 flows out from the refrigerant outlet port 45, and then is sent to the thermostatic expansion valve 7.

On the other hand, when the outside heat exchanger 6 functions as an evaporator (the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation), the refrigerant flowing into the tank 42 from the refrigerant inlet port 44 flows from an upper portion of the tank 42 to the tubes 40 due to the partition 48, and then flows into an upper portion of the tank 43. The vaporized refrigerant flowing into the upper portion of the tank 43 flows into a lower portion of the tank 43 through the communication pipe 47 with circumventing the partition 49. The refrigerant gas flowing into the lower portion of the tank 43 flows into a lower portion of the tank 42 through the tubes 40. The refrigerant flowing into the lower portion of the tank 42 is flown out from the refrigerant outlet port 45. When the vaporized refrigerant circumvents the partition 49 in the tank 43, the vaporized refrigerant flows with low flow resistant because the communication pipe 47 is not divided by the partition 49. Therefore, pressure loss of the refrigerant flowing within the outside heat exchanger 6 can be kept small, and thereby reduction of heat absorption performance due to reduction of refrigerant evaporation temperature can be prevented.

In the above embodiment, the pressure regulator is configured by the electromagnetic valve 5 having a throttle function, but may be one that can selectively change over a refrigerant passageway between its opened state and its throttled state. For example, the pressure regulator may be configured of an orifice and a bypass path that is provided parallel to the orifice and provided with a valve. In this case, the outside heat exchanger 6 is functioned as an evaporator in the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation by closing the valve and flowing refrigerant through the orifice. On the other hand, the outside heat exchanger 6 is functioned as a condenser by opening the valve and flowing refrigerant through the bypass path in the re-heat cooling operation.

In the above embodiment, the partitions 48 and 49 are provided in the insides of the pair of tanks 42 and 43 of the outside heat exchanger 6, respectively, but two or more partitions may be provided in each inside of the tanks. In this case, the communication pipe 47 is provided at a position of a partition disposed most downstream along the refrigerant flow path within the outside heat exchanger 6.

MODIFIED EXAMPLE OF OUTSIDE HEAT EXCHANGER

Next, a modified example of the outside heat exchanger will be explained. As shown in FIG. 7, an outside heat exchanger 6A as he modified example is formed so that its tank 43A has a larger capacity than that of the tank 43 in the above embodiment. The tank 43A is configured so that its lower portion concurrently acts as a reservoir tank. A filter 50 that is filled with desiccant agents is installed in the inside of the tank 43A. An outside of the filter 50 in the tank 43A is divided vertically by a partition 49A. The partition 49A is provided at the same height level as that of the partition 48 in the tank 42.

The refrigerant flowing into an upper portion of the tank 43A flows into a lower portion of the tank 43A only through the inside of the filter 50. An inner diameter of the partition 49A (i.e. an outer diameter of the filter 50) is set to have a size enabling the vaporized refrigerant to flow with low flow resistance. The partition 49A guides introduction of refrigerant liquid into the inside of the filter 50 when the outside heat exchanger 6 functions as a condenser, and flows refrigerant gas from top to bottom in the tank 43A with low flow resistance when the outside heat exchanger 6 functions as an evaporator.

Therefore, according to the outside heat exchanger 6A, similarly to the above-explained outside heat exchanger 6, when the outside heat exchanger 6A functions as a condenser (the re-heat cooling operation), the liquidized refrigerant flowing into the upper portion of the tank 43A flows into the lower portion of the tank 43A (corresponding to a reservoir tank) through the filter 50 by being guided by the partition 49A. On the other hand, when the outside heat exchanger 6 functions as an evaporator (the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation), when the vaporized refrigerant flows through the partition 49A in the tank 43, the vaporized refrigerant flows with low flow resistant. Therefore, pressure loss of the refrigerant flowing within the outside heat exchanger 6A can be kept small, and thereby reduction of heat absorption performance due to reduction of refrigerant evaporation temperature can be prevented.

MODIFIED EXAMPLE FOR CHANGING-OVER TIMING OF HEATING OPERATION

In the above embodiment, when the outside heat exchanger 6 is frozen while the outside heat exchanger 6 is functioned as an evaporator (the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation), it is changed over to the heat absorption by the inside evaporator 8 (the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation). However, it may be changed over from the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation to the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation also in a case where fogging of windows is desired to be solved and a case where humidifying is desired for improving comfort while raining. 

1. An air-conditioner for a vehicle, comprising: a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle that includes a compressor for compressing refrigerant, an inside condenser for exchanging heat between refrigerant compressed by the compressor and air to be supplied to a passenger compartment to heat the air, an outside heat exchanger for exchanging heat between refrigerant and air outside a passenger compartment, and an inside evaporator for exchanging heat between refrigerant and air to be supplied to a passenger compartment to cool the air, and is capable of operating an outside-air heat-absorption heating operation in which refrigerant absorbs heat at the outside heat exchanger and refrigerant radiates heat at the inside condenser, and an inside-air heat-absorption heating operation in which refrigerant absorbs heat at the inside evaporator and refrigerant radiates heat at the inside condenser; a determination unit for determining whether or not the outside heat exchanger is frozen; and a controller that changes over the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation to the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation when the determination unit determines that the outside heat exchanger is frozen.
 2. The air-conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the refrigeration cycle further includes a pressure regulator for regulating pressure of refrigerant to be supplied to the outside heat exchanger, a first bypass path bypassing the outside heat exchanger, a first flowpath changeover unit for changing over a refrigerant flow to the outside heat exchanger or to the first bypass path, a pressure reducer for reducing pressure of refrigerant to be supplied to the inside evaporator, a second bypass path bypassing the inside evaporator, and a second flowpath changeover unit for changing over a refrigerant flow to the inside evaporator or to the second bypass path, in the outside-air heat-absorption heating operation, set is a refrigerant path in which refrigerant compressed by the compressor flows sequentially through the inside condenser, the pressure regulator, the outside heat exchanger and the second bypass path, and then returns to the compressor, wherein the pressure regulator decompresses refrigerant, and, in the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation, set is a refrigerant path in which refrigerant compressed by the compressor flows sequentially through the inside condenser, the first bypass path, the pressure reducer and the inside evaporator, and then returns to the compressor, wherein the pressure reducer decompresses refrigerant.
 3. The air-conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the refrigeration cycle is capable of further operating a re-heat cooling operation in which refrigerant absorbs heat at the inside evaporator and refrigerant radiates heat at both of the inside condenser and the outside heat exchanger, and, in the re-heat cooling operation, set is a refrigerant path in which refrigerant compressed by the compressor flows sequentially through the inside condenser, the pressure regulator, the outside heat exchanger, the pressure reducer and the inside evaporator, and then returns to the compressor, wherein the pressure regulator doesn't decompress refrigerant.
 4. The air-conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising an outside-heat-exchanger passing-through air temperature detector for detecting temperature of air after passing through the outside heat exchanger, and a refrigerant temperature detector for detecting temperature of refrigerant at an outlet of the outside heat exchanger, wherein the determination unit determines whether or not the outside heat exchanger is frozen based on deference between the temperature of air detected by the outside-heat-exchanger passing-through air temperature detector and the temperature of refrigerant detected by the refrigerant temperature detector.
 5. The air-conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein, in the inside-air heat-absorption heating operation, air inside a passenger-compartment is supplied to the inside evaporator, and then supplied to the inside condenser.
 6. The air-conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising a heater for heating air to be supplied to a passenger compartment, a foot-outlet temperature detector for detecting temperature of air blowing out from a foot outlet port, and a defroster/vent-outlet temperature detector for detecting temperature of air blowing out from a defroster outlet port and a vent outlet port, wherein the controller controls a heating amount of the heater based on the temperatures of air detected by the foot-outlet temperature detector and the defroster/vent-outlet temperature detector.
 7. The air-conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising an inlet-air temperature and humidity detector for detecting temperature and humidity of air to be supplied to the inside evaporator, and an outside-air temperature detector for detecting temperature of outside air, wherein the controller calculates dew-point temperature in a passenger compartment based on detection results of the inlet-air temperature and humidity detector and the outside-air temperature detector, and controls a humidifying amount of the inside evaporator based on the calculated dew-point temperature.
 8. The air-conditioner for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the outside heat exchanger includes a plurality of tubes, a pair of tanks disposed on both ends of the plurality of tubes, a reservoir tank for accumulating refrigerant, and a plurality of partitions, each of the tanks being provided with at least one of the plurality of partitions, and a partition positioned most downstream along a refrigerant flow path within the outside heat exchanger among the plurality of partitions is configured to be capable of guiding introduction of refrigerant into the reservoir tank and to flow refrigerant with low flow resistance. 